C# Online Test

A gaming company is working on a platformer game. They need a method that will compute the character's final speed, given a map and a starting speed.

The terrain on which the game character moves forward is made from various pieces of land placed together. Implement the method CalculateFinalSpeed which takes the initial speed of the character, and an array of degrees of inclination that represent the uneven terrain.

The speed of the character will increase or decrease proportionally to the incline of the land, as shown in the image below:

The magnitude of the angle of inclination will always be < 90°. The speed change occurs only once for each piece of land. The method should immediately return 0 as the final speed if an incline reduces the speed to 0 or below 0, which makes the character lose 1 life.

For example, the below code:

Console.WriteLine(CalculateFinalSpeed(60, new int[] { 0, 30, 0, -45, 0 }));

should print:

75

A megastore offers three types of discounts, which are represented as DiscountType enum.

Implement the GetDiscountedPrice method which should take the total weight of the shopping cart, the total price, and the discount type. It should return the final discounted price based on the discount schemes as shown in the promotional video below:

(Open full-size video in a new tab)

For example, the following code:

Console.WriteLine(GetDiscountedPrice(12, 100, DiscountType.Weight));

should print:

82.0

A turn-based strategy game has a grid with water and land. The grid contains a true value where it's water and false where it's land.

The player controls a boat unit with a particular movement pattern. It can only move to fixed destinations from its current position as shown in the image below:

The boat can only move in a direct path through water to the possible destinations, so a destination will become unreachable if there is land in the way. 

Implement the CanTravelTo function, that checks whether a destination is reachable by the boat. It should return true for destinations that are reachable according to the pattern above, and false for unreachable or out of bounds destinations which are outside the grid. 

For example, consider the following code:

bool[,] gameMatrix = 
{
    {false, true,  true,  false, false, false},
    {true,  true,  true,  false, false, false},
    {true,  true,  true,  true,  true,  true},
    {false, true,  true,  false, true,  true},
    {false, true,  true,  true,  false, true},
    {false, false, false, false, false, false},
};

Console.WriteLine(CanTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 2, 2)); // true, Valid move
Console.WriteLine(CanTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 3, 4)); // false, Can't travel through land
Console.WriteLine(CanTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 6, 2)); // false, Out of bounds

The following image shows valid and invalid destinations when the boat is in the position (3, 2):

As a part of the route planner, the RouteExists method is used as a quick filter if the destination is reachable, before using more computationally intensive procedures for finding the optimal route.

The roads on the map are rasterized and produce a matrix of boolean values - true if the road is present or false if it is not. The roads in the matrix are connected only if the road is immediately left, right, below or above it.

Finish the RouteExists method so that it returns true if the destination is reachable or false if it is not. The fromRow and fromColumn parameters are the starting row and column in the mapMatrix. The toRow and toColumn are the destination row and column in the mapMatrix. The mapMatrix parameter is the above mentioned matrix produced from the map.

For example, for the given rasterized map, the code below should return true since the destination is reachable:

bool[,] mapMatrix = {
	{true, false, false},
	{true, true, false},
	{false, true, true}
};

RouteExists(0, 0, 2, 2, mapMatrix);

Implement the function FindRoots to find the roots of the quadratic equation: ax² + bx + c = 0. The function should return a tuple containing roots in any order. If the equation has only one solution, the function should return that solution as both elements of the tuple. The equation will always have at least one solution.

The roots of the quadratic equation can be found with the following formula:

For example, FindRoots(2, 10, 8) should return (-1, -4) or (-4, -1) as the roots of the equation 2x² + 10x + 8 = 0 are -1 and -4.

Your company is analyzing malware which targets numerical record files.

The malware uses a sliding window over the array of numbers in a file, and tries to match the following pattern:

Tl, -, -, X, -, -, -, Tr

The entire window is moved so that 'X' passes through all the values and is compared to the numbers at the 'Tl' and 'Tr' locations, which are positioned at a constant offset to 'X'.

The malware has the following rules:

• If the value at the 'Tl' or 'Tr' position of the pattern is bigger or equal to the value at the 'X’ position, the malware replaces the value at 'X' with 0.
• If the value at the 'Tl' or 'Tr' offset is out of bounds, then the value at 'X' is only compared to the other existing value.
• The record is processed in two stages: first, all the positions that should be set to 0 are located, using the original values for comparison. Only after all positions have been identified do they get set to 0.

For example, if the values in a record file are the following:

new int[] { 1, 2, 0, 5, 0, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3 }

The expected values after the malware runs are:

new int[] { 1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0 }

In this example, both '2's, the '4' and the last '3' were replaced by 0.

Implement the Simulate method so that the malware behavior is replicated for further study.

Implement the UniqueNames method. When passed two arrays of names, it will return an array containing the names that appear in either or both arrays. The returned array should have no duplicates.

For example, calling MergeNames.UniqueNames(new string[]{'Ava', 'Emma', 'Olivia'}, new string[]{'Olivia', 'Sophia', 'Emma'}) should return an array containing Ava, Emma, Olivia, and Sophia in any order.

Implement a function FolderNames, which accepts a string containing an XML file that specifies folder structure and returns all folder names that start with startingLetter. The XML format is given in the example below.

For example, for the letter 'u' and XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<folder name="c">
    <folder name="program files">
        <folder name="uninstall information" />
    </folder>
    <folder name="users" />
</folder>

the function should return "uninstall information" and "users" (in any order).

A playlist is considered a repeating playlist if any of the songs contain a reference to a previous song in the playlist. Otherwise, the playlist will end with the last song which points to null.

Implement a function IsInRepeatingPlaylist that, efficiently with respect to time used, returns true if a playlist is repeating or false if it is not.

For example, the following code prints "True" as both songs point to each other.

Song first = new Song("Hello");
Song second = new Song("Eye of the tiger");
    
first.NextSong = second;
second.NextSong = first;

Console.WriteLine(first.IsInRepeatingPlaylist());

Binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree where the value of each node is larger or equal to the values in all the nodes in that node's left subtree and is smaller than the values in all the nodes in that node's right subtree.

Write a function that, efficiently with respect to time used, checks if a given binary search tree contains a given value.

For example, for the following tree:

• n1 (Value: 1, Left: null, Right: null)
• n2 (Value: 2, Left: n1, Right: n3)
• n3 (Value: 3, Left: null, Right: null)

Call to Contains(n2, 3) should return true since a tree with root at n2 contains number 3.

Implement methods and properties in the DecoratorStream class:

• Write method should write the prefix into the underlying stream member only on the first Write invocation. It should always write the bytes it receives to the underlying stream.
• The prefix should be written in UTF-8 encoding.

For example, if the DecoratorStream is instantiated with "First line: " as the prefix parameter and Write method is called with UTF-8 byte representation of "Hello, world!", it should write "First line: Hello, world!" into the underlying stream.

Using only NUnit Framework 3's Assert.AreEqual method, write tests for the Account class that cover the following cases:

• The Deposit and Withdraw methods will not accept negative numbers.
• Account cannot overstep its overdraft limit.
• The Deposit and Withdraw methods will deposit or withdraw the correct amount, respectively.
• The Withdraw and Deposit methods return the correct results.

public class Account
{
    public double Balance { get; private set; }
    public double OverdraftLimit { get; private set; }

    public Account(double overdraftLimit)
    {
        this.OverdraftLimit = overdraftLimit > 0 ? overdraftLimit : 0;
        this.Balance = 0;
    }

    public bool Deposit(double amount)
    {
        if (amount >= 0)
        {
            this.Balance += amount;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public bool Withdraw(double amount)
    {
        if (this.Balance - amount >= -this.OverdraftLimit && amount >= 0)
        {
            this.Balance -= amount;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

Each of the test case methods should be in the Tester class and have the Test attribute.

Write a function that, when passed a list and a target sum, returns, efficiently with respect to time used, two distinct zero-based indices of any two of the numbers, whose sum is equal to the target sum. If there are no two numbers, the function should return null.

For example, FindTwoSum(new List<int>() { 3, 1, 5, 7, 5, 9 }, 10) should return a Tuple<int, int> containing any of the following pairs of indices:

• 0 and 3 (or 3 and 0) as 3 + 7 = 10
• 1 and 5 (or 5 and 1) as 1 + 9 = 10
• 2 and 4 (or 4 and 2) as 5 + 5 = 10

A TrainComposition is built by attaching and detaching wagons from the left and the right sides, efficiently with respect to time used.

For example, if we start by attaching wagon 7 from the left followed by attaching wagon 13, again from the left, we get a composition of two wagons (13 and 7 from left to right). Now the first wagon that can be detached from the right is 7 and the first that can be detached from the left is 13.

Implement a TrainComposition that models this problem.

Each account on a website has a set of access flags that represent a users access.

Update and extend the enum so that it contains three new access flags:

1. A Writer access flag that is made up of the Submit and Modify flags.
2. An Editor access flag that is made up of the Delete, Publish and Comment flags.
3. An Owner access that is made up of the Writer and Editor flags.

For example, the code below should print "False" as the Writer flag does not contain the Delete flag.

Console.WriteLine(Access.Writer.HasFlag(Access.Delete))

Implement function CountNumbers that accepts a sorted array of unique integers and, efficiently with respect to time used, counts the number of array elements that are less than the parameter lessThan.

For example, SortedSearch.CountNumbers(new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7 }, 4) should return 2 because there are two array elements less than 4.

User interface contains two types of user input controls: TextInput, which accepts all characters and NumericInput, which accepts only digits.

Implement the class TextInput that contains:

• Public method void Add(char c) - adds the given character to the current value
• Public method string GetValue() - returns the current value

Implement the class NumericInput that:

• Inherits TextInput
• Overrides the Add method so that each non-numeric character is ignored

For example, the following code should output "10":

TextInput input = new NumericInput();
input.Add('1');
input.Add('a');
input.Add('0');
Console.WriteLine(input.GetValue());

Refactor the AlertService and AlertDAO classes:

• Create a new interface, named IAlertDAO, that contains the same methods as AlertDAO.
• AlertDAO should implement the IAlertDAO interface.
• AlertService should have a public constructor that accepts IAlertDAO.
• The RaiseAlert and GetAlertTime methods should use the object passed through the constructor.

You are working on a calculator application where users can input a mathematical expression such as: (3 + 5) * (2 - 4).

To correctly evaluate this expression, the application needs to validate the expression and ensure that the parentheses are balanced. The balanced parentheses are crucial for determining the order of operations and evaluating the expression correctly.

You have used an AI assistant to generate the following static method to check if the parentheses in an expression are balanced:

static bool IsBalanced(string parentheses)
{
    Stack<char> stack = new Stack<char>();
    HashSet<char> opening = new HashSet<char> { '(', '[', '{' };
    HashSet<char> closing = new HashSet<char> { ')', ']', '}' };
    Dictionary<char, char> pairs = new Dictionary<char, char>
    {
        { ')', '(' },
        { ']', '[' },
        { '}', '{' }
    };

    foreach (char c in parentheses)
    {
        if (opening.Contains(c))
        {
            stack.Push(c);
        }
        else if (closing.Contains(c))
        {
            if (stack.Count == 0 || stack.Peek() != pairs[c])
            {
                return false;
            }
            stack.Pop();
        }
    }

    return stack.Count == 0;
}

What are correct statements for the given method?

A company is designing the class hierarchy for various cache implementations:

public class Cache {}

public class DiskCache : Cache {}

public class MemoryCache : Cache {}

public class OptimizedDiskCache : DiskCache {}

Select all the answers that will result in a runtime exception.